Countable and Uncountable nouns

Countable nouns

Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable noun.

Singular	Plural
one dog	two dogs
one horse	two horses
one man	two men
one idea	two ideas
one shop	two shops

EXAMPLES

• She has three dogs.
• I own a house.
• I would like two books please.
• How many friends do you have?

Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.

EXAMPLES

tea
sugar
water
air
rice
knowledge
beauty
anger
fear
love
money
research
safety
evidence

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?"

EXAMPLES

• There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
• He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
• Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
• He did not have much sugar left.
• Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
• How much rice do you want?

 sumber : http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/countable-and-uncountable-nouns/

Subject. Verb, Complement and Modifier

Subject
The subject of a sentence is one of the basic parts of a sentence. The other basic part is the predicate. The predicate tells us something about the subject (i.e., it tells us what action the subject is performing, or it describes the subject). Every sentence must have a verb, and every verb must have a subject. 


Examples:
Lee ate the pie.
(Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is the subject of the main verb ate; i.e., Lee is the doing the action.)


The subject of a sentence will be a noun or a pronoun (including all themodifiers that go with it). For example:
·              Pierre puts a lot of garlic in his food.
(Pierre is the subject, and puts a lot of garlic in his food is the predicate. This is an example of a simple subject. A simple subject is just one word without any modifiers.)


Verb
Verbs are the most important component of any sentence. These words talk about the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means that verbs show what the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject.
For example:
He ran to the store. - Here the verb ran describes the action of the subject ‘he’
She is a creative person. - Here there is no action being done. Instead the auxiliary verb ‘is’ shows the state of the subject ‘she’ as being ‘creative’.
There are different types and classifications of Verbs; some of the most important ones are listed below
Complements
Complements are words that come after linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun complements are adjectives andnouns, but can be many other parts of speech as well.
TestMagic uses the term noun complement more liberally than do some other grammar resources; doing so will make grammar explanations for tests much, much easier and faster.


Examples of complements
All the highlighted words or phrases below are complements.
My sister is a doctor.
Tomomi is happy.
The book is on the table.
Carl is here.
We should try to remain calm.
The test proved to be more difficult than we had imagined.
I consider you a friend.
Megumi called her ex-boyfriend a philistine.


A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows alinking verb.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the verb be [am, is, are,was, were, has been, are being, might have been, etc.], become, andseem. These true linking verbs are always linking verbs.
Then you have a list of verbs that can be linking or action: appear, feel, grow,look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. If you can substitute any of the verbs on this second list with an equal sign [=] and the sentence still makes sense, the verb is almost always linking.
Read these examples:
Brandon is a gifted athlete.
Brandon = subject; is = linking verb; athlete = noun as subject complement.
It was he who caught the winning touchdown Friday night.
It = subject; was = linking verb; he = pronoun as subject complement.
Brandon becomes embarrassed when people compliment his skill.
Brandon = subject; becomes = linking verb; embarrassed = adjective as subject complement.
Brandon's face will turn red.
Face = subject; will turn = linking verb; red = adjective as subject complement.
 
Modifiers
Sentences would be pretty boring without modifiers to provide excitement and intrique. Would you rather read a sentence with modifiers that says "Hoping to win friends and influence people, the award-winning new celebrity handed out shiny red Porsches at the exciting awards show" or "The celebrity handed out Porsches."
Purpose of Modifiers
When modifiers are misplaced or put in the wrong place, things can get quite confusing! Just imagine if the sentence read:
"Hoping to win friends and influence people, porsches red and shiny handed out a celebrity new."
This second sentence seems farfetched but, misplaced modifiers do commonly occur.
A modifier adds detail or limits or changes the meaning of another word or phrase. For example:
·         Happy
·         Pretty
·         Silly
·         Crazy
·         Hopeful
·         Fast
·         Slow
·         Very
·         Much
·         Many


http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/subject.htm
http://www.englishleap.com/grammar/verbs
http://www.testmagic.com/grammar/explanations/complements.htm
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/subjectcomplement.htm
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-misplaced-modifiers.html