Subject. Verb, Complement and Modifier

Subject
The subject of a sentence is one of the basic parts of a sentence. The other basic part is the predicate. The predicate tells us something about the subject (i.e., it tells us what action the subject is performing, or it describes the subject). Every sentence must have a verb, and every verb must have a subject. 


Examples:
Lee ate the pie.
(Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is the subject of the main verb ate; i.e., Lee is the doing the action.)


The subject of a sentence will be a noun or a pronoun (including all themodifiers that go with it). For example:
·              Pierre puts a lot of garlic in his food.
(Pierre is the subject, and puts a lot of garlic in his food is the predicate. This is an example of a simple subject. A simple subject is just one word without any modifiers.)


Verb
Verbs are the most important component of any sentence. These words talk about the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means that verbs show what the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject.
For example:
He ran to the store. - Here the verb ran describes the action of the subject ‘he’
She is a creative person. - Here there is no action being done. Instead the auxiliary verb ‘is’ shows the state of the subject ‘she’ as being ‘creative’.
There are different types and classifications of Verbs; some of the most important ones are listed below
Complements
Complements are words that come after linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun complements are adjectives andnouns, but can be many other parts of speech as well.
TestMagic uses the term noun complement more liberally than do some other grammar resources; doing so will make grammar explanations for tests much, much easier and faster.


Examples of complements
All the highlighted words or phrases below are complements.
My sister is a doctor.
Tomomi is happy.
The book is on the table.
Carl is here.
We should try to remain calm.
The test proved to be more difficult than we had imagined.
I consider you a friend.
Megumi called her ex-boyfriend a philistine.


A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows alinking verb.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the verb be [am, is, are,was, were, has been, are being, might have been, etc.], become, andseem. These true linking verbs are always linking verbs.
Then you have a list of verbs that can be linking or action: appear, feel, grow,look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. If you can substitute any of the verbs on this second list with an equal sign [=] and the sentence still makes sense, the verb is almost always linking.
Read these examples:
Brandon is a gifted athlete.
Brandon = subject; is = linking verb; athlete = noun as subject complement.
It was he who caught the winning touchdown Friday night.
It = subject; was = linking verb; he = pronoun as subject complement.
Brandon becomes embarrassed when people compliment his skill.
Brandon = subject; becomes = linking verb; embarrassed = adjective as subject complement.
Brandon's face will turn red.
Face = subject; will turn = linking verb; red = adjective as subject complement.
 
Modifiers
Sentences would be pretty boring without modifiers to provide excitement and intrique. Would you rather read a sentence with modifiers that says "Hoping to win friends and influence people, the award-winning new celebrity handed out shiny red Porsches at the exciting awards show" or "The celebrity handed out Porsches."
Purpose of Modifiers
When modifiers are misplaced or put in the wrong place, things can get quite confusing! Just imagine if the sentence read:
"Hoping to win friends and influence people, porsches red and shiny handed out a celebrity new."
This second sentence seems farfetched but, misplaced modifiers do commonly occur.
A modifier adds detail or limits or changes the meaning of another word or phrase. For example:
·         Happy
·         Pretty
·         Silly
·         Crazy
·         Hopeful
·         Fast
·         Slow
·         Very
·         Much
·         Many


http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/subject.htm
http://www.englishleap.com/grammar/verbs
http://www.testmagic.com/grammar/explanations/complements.htm
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/subjectcomplement.htm
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-misplaced-modifiers.html